why is brass used for bushings?

Brass bushing: brass bushing is a wear-resistant parts in machinery and equipment, brass bushing is more widely used.

Brass bushing more centrifugal casting process, the color is mainly yellow, brass material wear resistance is relatively good, the internal organization is relatively tight, will not appear large loosening phenomenon, the appearance looks brighter, the important thing is that its hardness is relatively high, in addition to corrosion resistance and pressure resistance is relatively strong, is the majority of mining machinery equipment on the accessories.
Brass bush: brass bush is a barrel-shaped mechanical parts set on the rotating shaft, is a component of the slide bearing. Generally speaking, brass bushings and bearing seat using interference fit, and with the shaft using clearance fit.
Brass slide: Brass slide is mainly used in: automobile industry, motorcycle, all kinds of hydraulic machinery, metallurgical machinery, forging machinery, oilfield machinery, engineering machinery, mining machinery, electric power facilities, etc.
Copper bush: Copper bush is used in various large and heavy machinery, and is an important component of machinery. It has high hardness, excellent wear resistance, not easy to produce bite phenomenon, good casting performance and cutting performance, and good corrosion resistance in the atmosphere and fresh water.

Bushing Types & selection of self-lubricating bearings

Gas lubricated bearing is a kind of solid lubricating bearing, which is based on wear-resistant metal materials, and reduces the friction coefficient by adding various lubricating materials to achieve self-lubrication.
  With the development of industrial technology and the advancement of science and technology, under some special harsh working conditions, the performance and reliability requirements of bearings are getting higher and higher. For example: low temperature, high temperature, vacuum, underwater, heavy load, etc., due to the failure of grease lubrication and the ineffective formation of oil film, traditional grease-lubricated rolling bearings are difficult to carry and reduce friction. However, plain bearings relying on solid lubricating materials can still show excellent performance in this environment.

  Mosaic self-lubricating bearing, as a solid lubricating bearing, is based on wear-resistant metal materials, and is self-lubricating by adding various lubricating materials to reduce the friction coefficient. The material structure combines the advantages of high load, good impact resistance and non-metallic low friction coefficient, and is suitable for different working conditions. Inlaid solid lubricated bearings are suitable for low speed and high load, and can maintain a very low coefficient of friction when the grease cannot maintain a complete lubricating film such as swing, reciprocating motion, and frequent starting.
  1. Copper base inlaid self-lubricating bearings:
  Copper alloy inlaid self-lubricating bearings (national standard GB/T23894-2009) are the most widely used products in inlaid self-lubricating bearings. This material structure combines high metal load, good impact resistance, low non-metal friction coefficient and self-lubricating properties of solid lubricants, and is suitable for different working conditions.
   No need to refuel and maintain during use. Products are widely used in high-load, intermittent or swinging motions, such as steam locomotive production lines, water turbines, reservoir work/accident doors, plastic machinery, etc.
  Steel base inlaid self-lubricating bearings:
  Steel base inlaid self-lubricating bearing is a reinforced product with high compressibility. It can discharge lubricating particles during the working process, form a diaphragm between the bushings, has better blocking resistance than single oil lubrication, better anti-seizure performance than single oil lubrication, and has high compression performance and The ability to expel lubricating particles during operation. It is especially suitable for supporting parts of hoisting machinery.
   For example: winch bracket, crane bracket, but not suitable for water or acid and alkali applications.
   Cast iron inlaid self-lubricating bearings:
  Cast iron embedded bearing is a new solid lubricant product based on HT 250, which is a typical material saving product. If the pressure is less than 14.5N/mm~2 or mechanical performance requirements, it can be used as a substitute for JDB-2 material, which can greatly reduce the cost and meet the use requirements.
   For example: mold guide posts, injection molding machine mold bases and other fields can be fully used.
  4. Steel-based copper alloy inlaid self-lubricating bearings:
  The self-lubricating steel-based copper alloy bearing is used as the basic material of the bearing, and the high-strength copper alloy is cast on the surface of high-quality carbon steel. The solid bearing adopts the manufacturing process to fully combine the surface of copper and steel joints with gold, and cast high-strength copper alloy on the surface of high-quality carbon steel as the basic material of the bearing. It not only reduces material cost, but also increases its load-carrying capacity. Embedding the solid lubricant into the working surface can greatly reduce the friction coefficient of the bearing and achieve the purpose of self-lubrication.
  5. Copper alloy inner ring self-lubricating sliding bearing:
  Copper alloy inner ring self-lubricating sliding bearing is a sliding bearing with self-lubricating properties, which can rotate or swing freely. The inner ring of the bearing is made of special copper alloy, the spherical surface of the inner ring is inlaid with solid lubricant, and the outer ring is made of bearing steel, which is phosphated or chrome-plated after heat treatment and polished.
  6. Bimetal spiral inlaid self-lubricating bearing;
  Bimetal spiral inlaid self-lubricating bearing is a kind of continuous sliding bearing produced by solid bearing. It is a new type of thin-walled solid lubricating bearing, which is made of bimetallic plate as the base, and the alloy layer is embedded with special solid lubricant. Due to the use of high-strength bearing alloy material as the matrix, the ideal filler material is wear-resistant agent, reasonable diamond block lubrication design, the lubrication area is greater than 25%, which can play a good role in lubrication and wear resistance.
  Bimetal self-lubricating bearings are used in automobile gearboxes, generators, elevators, cranes and gold control machinery.
  7. Copper alloy inlaid self-lubricating bearings:
  Copper alloy spiral inlaid self-lubricating bearing is also a continuous plain bearing. The solid lubricated bearing is made of high-density copper alloy strip with special formula, and the solid lubricant embedded on the surface is made by coiling, forming and other methods. Since the copper alloy material with high elongation is used as the matrix, an ultra-thin spiral sleeve can be made, and the ideal filler material can be used as a lubricant.
  In order to solve the lubrication problems of high temperature, low speed, heavy load, high dust, water washing, shock and vibration in mechanical equipment, oil-free self-lubricating bearings are selected.
1. The structure of the bearing Self-lubricating bearing is a kind of composite bearing, which forms holes of appropriate size and sequence on the metal friction surface of the bearing base, and embeds molybdenum disulfide and graphite into the composite self-lubricating slider on the metal sleeve to make composite bearing. The friction area of ​​solid lubricants is 25%/65%. The solid self-wetting slider can work normally at 280°C. However, due to its low mechanical strength, weak bearing capacity, and easy deformation, embedding it in a metal groove can suppress this defect and form a metal part as a bearing capacity, while the self-wetting slider The lubricating block acts as a lubricant.
  The lubrication mechanism of self-lubricating bearings is that in the sliding friction between the bushings, part of the self-lubricating material molecules are transferred to the metal surface of the shaft, filling the slightly uneven surface and forming a more stable solid lubricating film. The solid lubricating film is worn between to prevent the shaft and the sleeve from being adhered and worn. This rational combination combines the complementary advantages of copper alloys and non-metallic anti-wear materials and is especially suitable for range of motion in oil-free, high temperature, high load, low speed, antifouling, corrosion resistance and strong radiation environments. As well as penetrating into water or other solutions, it cannot be lubricated at all under special working conditions.
2. The specific surface area of ​​the self-lubricating block is larger than that of the self-lubricating block, which is related to the running speed, bearing strength, low working speed, high bearing strength, and large metal occupied area. For example, the self-lubricating block area of ​​the trolley walking wheel self-lubricating block is about 25%, the shaft bearing of the main shaft mechanism is fully lubricated, the bearing strength is not large, and the self-lubricating block occupies about 65% of the area.
  3. Bearing material technical requirements: The self-lubricating bearing sleeve is made of alloy copper. The inner lining should have high hardness, and the hardness should not be less than HRC45.
   Geometry and structural requirements of self-lubricating blocks. There are two types of self-lubricating sliders, cylindrical and rectangular. Self-lubricating can be cylindrical according to the size of the area, and rectangular on the other hand. Any shape must be trimmed securely to prevent it from falling off during work.
  5. The linear expansion coefficient of a self-lubricating block with a clearance value between the bushing and the shaft is about 10 times that of steel. In order to adapt to the change of bearing temperature, the gap between the shaft and the bushing is 0.032-0.15mm of the original metal piece, and an increase of 0.45-0.5mm. The self-lubricating block protrudes 0.2-0.4mm from the bushing metal on the side of the friction pair. This will generate adequate lubrication and reduce power consumption during the initial grinding phase of bearing operation.

Self-lubricating bushing – Oilless Self-lubricating Tech

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While oil is used in exceptional cases, solid bronze bushings custom brass bushing are typically grease lubricated. To protect the bushing and lubricant. Since bearings usually receive a lot of frictional resistance that generates heat, lubricants such as oil or grease are used to prevent the seizing or abnormal wear that this frictional heat could otherwise cause. Lubrication-free brass bushings don’t need lubricating oil because the bronze bearing body has a lubricating structure made possible by lubricating oil in the bearing body, or by embedded solid lubricant or the like. Since they don’t need lubricating oil, lubrication-free brass bushings are often used for applications such as precision machinery that makes lubricating oil refilling difficult, and equipment with poor affinity to oil. They also greatly reduce maintenance costs by eliminating the need for regular lubrication and enabling stable operation over long periods. Lubrication-free brass bushings come in a variety of shapes that can be used for different applications as needed. Examples include “Self-lubricating”, ” lubrication-free” straight bushings, collar bushings, flange bushings and housing bushings.

Our Experts Will Determine The Most Efficient Manufacturing Method And The Ideal Bronze Bearings Material To Meet Your Specific Requirements. Visit Our Webpage To Get Started Today. Oilless Bearings Catalogs And Brochures Available. Graphite Filled Bronze Bushes Plug Graphite Bearings Are Primarily Used In Applications That Need Continual Lubrication In Hard To Reach Areas. Self-Lubricating Materials For Plain Bearings – Custom Bearing Solutions – Graphite-Filled To Meet A Broad Range Of Bronze Alloy Materials.

Overview- high tensile brass bushings, solid bronze bushings can be lubricated with either oil or grease. The lubricant not only improves the sliding properties but also reduces wear. A variety of alloys composed of two or more elements are called special brass. Such as copper alloys composed of aluminum, lead, tin, manganese, nickel, iron, and silicon, and high-strength brass is one of them. High-strength brass has strong wear resistance, high-strength brass, high strength, high hardness, and strong chemical corrosion resistance. There are also excellent cutting mechanical properties. High-strength brass is often made into sheet, strip, bar, pipe, casting parts, etc.

Brass bushing chemical composition

The chemical formula of high-strength brass is ZCuZn25Al6Fe3Mn3, the copper content is about 65%, and the zinc content is about 24%. Zinc can improve the strength, hardness and corrosion resistance of brass. There are three room temperature structures of brass: brass with a zinc content of less than 35%, the microstructure at room temperature is composed of a single-phase α solid solution, called α brass;
Pressure processing performance
High-strength brass has good plasticity and can withstand hot and cold processing, but it is prone to medium temperature brittleness during hot processing such as forging. Its specific temperature range varies with the Zn content, generally between 200 and 700 °C. Therefore, the temperature during hot working should be higher than 700°C.

Self lubricating Brass Bearing Mechanical properties

High-strength brass has different zinc content and different mechanical properties. For α brass, with the increase of zinc content, both σb and δ increase continuously. Therefore, copper-zinc alloys containing more than 45% zinc have no practical value. The standard high-strength brass has a Brinell hardness greater than 200, compressive strength greater than 600MPa, and elongation greater than 10%.

Development History

The word “brass” first appeared in the “Shenyi Jing Zhonghuang Jing” written by Dongfang Shuo in the Western Han Dynasty: “There is a palace in the northwest, with brass as the wall, and the title of the palace of the emperor of the sun and the earth. What kind of copper alloy this “brass” refers to is yet to be tested. “New Book of Tang, Food and Goods” also has the titles of “bronze” and “brass”, which refer to the color of the ore and the smelted product respectively, not copper and tin Alloys with copper-zinc alloys. Song Hong Zikui’s “Daye Fu” also includes “it is brass, the pit has a special name, and the mountains are numerous and simple”, which refers to pure copper refined by fire.
The term brass refers specifically to copper-zinc alloys, which began in the Ming Dynasty, and its records are found in the “Ming Hui Dian”: “In Jiajing, there are 6 million yuan in Tongbao money, and 47,270 in two-fire brass. Two catties…” Through the analysis of the composition of copper coins in the Ming Dynasty, it was found that the real brass in the “Ming Hui Dian” appeared much later than other copper alloys. It is difficult to obtain metallic zinc.
Zinc oxide can be quickly reduced to metallic zinc at a high temperature of 950°C to 1000°C, while liquid zinc has already boiled at 906°C, so the reduced metallic zinc exists in the form of vapor. The reaction is reversed during cooling, and the vapor zinc is oxidized to zinc oxide by carbon dioxide in the furnace, so a special condensing device is necessary to obtain metallic zinc. This is why the metal zinc was used much later than copper, lead, tin, and iron, and one of the reasons why brass coinage appeared later.
However, brass sheets and pipes containing more than 20% zinc have been unearthed in the Yangshao Cultural Site of Jiangzhai, and two kinds of brass cones have also been unearthed in the strata of the Longshan Culture of Sanli River in Jiao County, Shandong Province. Obviously, the appearance of these brass utensils does not mean that people mastered the smelting technology of brass in prehistoric times, but that people obtained them accidentally when using copper-zinc symbiotic ore.
The zinc content of bronzes in the Shang and Zhou dynasties was very low, generally in the order of 10-z. In the coins of the Western Han Dynasty and Xinmang, there are individual copper-zinc coins, and the content of zinc in some coins reaches 7%, but this does not mean that brass coins were produced in the Xinmang period of the Western Han Dynasty. Because these copper-zinc alloys are very individual phenomena, their zinc content is generally much smaller than that of brass in the true sense of 15% to 40%. Therefore, we believe that these copper coins containing zinc were produced when the copper-zinc symbiotic ore was used in the “Jishan Casting Coins” in the Han Dynasty. According to the investigation of relevant mines, it is found that Changwei, Yantai, Linyi, Hubei, and other places in Shandong have copper-zinc symbiotic minerals rich in resources, which makes the smelted copper contain a small part of zinc. In the Tang Dynasty, due to the standardization of coinage materials, the content of zinc in coins minted was constant.
Brass products were popular in Europe for about 300 years from about 1230 AD because they were much cheaper than larger sculptures. died 1231
The bronze statue of Archbishop Wilp in 2000 is the earliest known bronze statue made of brass. The process of casting brass products is as follows: First, crushed zinc ore and charcoal are mixed with copper blocks and heated, so that the zinc and copper are combined together, and then the alloy is melted by heating, and then the copper liquid is poured into the casting mold. The earliest British brassware was imported, mainly from Tournay. The consignor can order complete tombstones already in beautiful baseplates or marble bases from Tournay. The way to make a bronze tombstone is to first cast a bronze statue, usually the silhouette of the surrounding canopy, and then put it in a prefabricated slate, and use a knife to carve the details of the person on the bronze statue. Sometimes alabaster or other inlay materials are used for the hands and faces of bronze statues. After the statue is safely made, it is fastened to the stone base with dowels housed in lead bolts. The bronze statue itself rests on a layer of asphalt. Large bronze statues are cast in sections and then joined together.

Application field

High-strength brass is widely used. It is cast into bearing bushes and bushings. The solid-lubricated oil-free bearings (referred to as solid-lubricated bearings) mainly made of high-strength brass in China are based on high-strength and high-strength brass. , and radially embedded and arranged cylindrical polymer fillers are friction materials (generally graphite, molybdenum disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, engine oil and other lubricants), and its advantages are mainly in that it makes copper alloys and non-metallic materials. The anti-friction materials have their own complementary advantages. They not only have high bearing capacity, but also break through the limit of general bearings relying on oil film and grease lubrication to achieve oil-free lubrication. The embedded solid lubrication is easy to form a lubricating film, which plays a role in its friction and wear performance Great improvement, stable, reliable and cost-effective. Compared with composite oil-free bearings, it has the advantages of good machinability, high precision, strong bearing capacity and good wear resistance. This self-lubricating guide sleeve guide plate can be used in many fields such as: construction machinery joints, such as excavators, mining scrapers, rotary drilling rigs, concrete pump trucks, rock drilling machinery, hoists, port cranes, etc., as well as metallurgical Mechanical continuous casting machinery, water conservancy machinery, conveying machinery, rolling mill, bottle blowing machine, film blowing machine, crosshead clamping differential for injection molding machine, tire vulcanizing machine, trailer balance beam, vacuum switch, etc.

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