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Bushing Design Guides, Plain Bearing Lubrication

Comprehensive design guides detailing the manufacturing processes for self-lubricating bearings and bushings.

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Type Of Bearing

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Self-lubricating bronze bearings are a type of bearing that incorporates solid lubricants into their material composition to reduce friction and eliminate the need for external lubrication. These bearings are designed to operate with minimal maintenance and are particularly useful in applications where conventional lubrication methods may be impractical or impossible to implement.

Metric to Imperial Size Plain Bushing Design and Material Type: Cylindrical and flanged, thrust washerMaterial options include bronze, brass, or steel, depending on the application requirements. Cylindrical and flanged configurations offer versatility in installation, while thrust washer designs ensure optimal performance under axial loads. With precise metric and imperial sizing options, these plain bushings cater to diverse engineering needs across industries.

Robust plain bearings in the heavy-duty Industry solutions Polymer plain bearings maintenance and lubrication.

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plain bearings – Design Guide

This Design Basics Guide will detail the composition of self-lubricating metal bearings, including how to correctly select them and more.

Self-lubricating Bronze

Materials: They are typically made from a bronze alloy, which is known for its good thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and ability to distribute loads evenly.
Lubricants: The solid lubricants used can include materials such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), or other dry film lubricants. These are embedded within the bearing material to provide a continuous lubricating effect.
Maintenance-Free: Since the lubrication is built into the bearing material, there is no need for regular greasing or oiling, which simplifies maintenance and can extend the life of the equipment.
Applications: These bearings are suitable for environments where dust, water, or other contaminants might interfere with the lubrication process. They are also used in applications with high temperatures or where the bearing must operate without frequent access for maintenance.
Performance: While self-lubricating bronze bearings can operate without additional lubrication, their performance can still be influenced by factors such as load, speed, and temperature. It’s important to select the right bearing for the specific application conditions.
Environmentally Friendly: The use of solid lubricants can reduce the environmental impact of lubrication, as there is no need for the disposal of used lubricants or the risk of contamination from leaks.
Longevity: Although these bearings are designed to be maintenance-free, they still have a finite lifespan and will eventually need to be replaced. However, this is generally longer than that of bearings that require regular lubrication.
Cost: While self-lubricating bronze bearings may have a higher initial cost compared to standard bearings, the reduced maintenance and longer service life can result in cost savings over time.
Compatibility: They are compatible with a wide range of materials and can be used in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and industrial machinery.
Design: These bearings can come in various designs such as plain bearings, bushings, or as components in more complex bearing assemblies.

When selecting self-lubricating bronze bearings, it’s important to consider the specific requirements of the application, including the operating conditions and the environmental factors that the bearing will be exposed to. Proper selection and installation can ensure the reliability and longevity of the bearing in service.

Basemetal

Material correspondence table
Material code Codes	China GB1176-87	internationality ISO 1338	Germany DIN	Japan JIS	U.S. ASTM(UNS)	U.K. BS	France NF	Applicable
JDB650 High strength alloy copper	ZCuZn25Al6 Fe3Mn3	GCuZn25Al6 Fe3Mn3	DIN1709 G-CuZn25Al5	H5102 CAC304	B30-92 C86300	HTB2		High load, low speed, general use
JDB650 S1 High strength alloy copper	ZCuZn25Al6 Fe3Mn3	GCuZn25Al6 Fe3Mn3	DIN1709 G-CuZn25Al5	H5102 CAC304	B30-92 C86300	HTB2		Ultra high load, low speed, high load
JDB650 S2 Cast tin bronze	ZCuSn5 Pb5Zn5	GCuPb5 Sn5Zn5	DIN1705 G-CuSn5ZnPb	H5111 BC6	B30-92 C83600	LG2	CuPb5 Sn5Zn5	medium load, low speed
JDB650 S3 Cast aluminum bronze	ZCuAl9Fe4 Ni4Mn2	GCuAl10 FeNi5	DIN17656 G-CuAl10Ni	H5114 AlBC3	B30-92 C95500	AB2	CuAl10 Fe5Ni5	Medium load, medium speed, general use
JDB(HT250) cast iron	GB5675-85 HT250			FC250	ASTM Class40			medium load, low speed

Types of lubricant groove

Solid Lubricant and Types of Lubricant Groove

Bronze Bearings and Slide Plates: Essential Components for Mechanical Equipment

Bronze bearings and slide plates are commonly found in mechanical equipment, often requiring lubrication to reduce friction, minimize wear, and enhance efficiency. The design of lubrication grooves is crucial for ensuring even distribution of lubricant across the entire contact surface. Here are some common types of lubrication grooves and their applications:

Radial Grooves Radial grooves extend from the outer to the inner ring of the bearing, facilitating the distribution of lubricant across the bearing’s full width. This design is suitable for bearings that bear radial loads.
Axial Grooves Axial grooves run parallel to the bearing’s axis, helping distribute lubricant along the length of the bearing. This design is ideal for bearings that handle axial loads.
Helical Grooves Helical grooves spiral from one end of the bearing to the other, promoting an even distribution of lubricant across the bearing surface during rotation. This design improves lubricant flow and reduces wear.
Pockets or Dimples Pockets or dimples store lubricant in specific areas of the bearing, which periodically come into contact with the lubricant during operation. This design is beneficial for applications requiring localized lubrication.
Oil Groove with Feeder An oil groove with a feeder delivers lubricant directly to the bearing’s load areas through a small hole or tube. This design ensures a continuous and stable supply of lubricant.
Combined Grooves Combined grooves integrate various designs to meet specific application needs. For example, a bearing might have both radial and axial grooves to accommodate complex loading conditions.
Self-Lubricating Grooves For self-lubricating materials like bronze bearings, groove designs may be simpler because the bronze itself possesses self-lubricating properties. However, some grooves may still be necessary to help distribute lubricant and enhance performance.
Slide Plate Grooves The design of grooves in slide plates typically considers the direction of movement to ensure a continuous oil film is formed on the sliding surface, reducing friction and wear.

When designing lubrication systems for bronze bearings and slide plates, it’s essential to consider the type of bearing, load conditions, rotational speed, temperature range, and type of lubricant used. Properly designed lubrication grooves can significantly improve the lifespan and performance of bearings.

Lubricant Grooves: A Vital Component in Bearing Design

Lubricant grooves are crucial in bearing design, effectively delivering lubricant to the bearing’s working surfaces to reduce friction and wear. Different groove shapes and geometries are suited for various types of lubricants and motion. Here are the different types of lubricant grooves and their characteristics:

Axial Groove These grooves extend along the axis of the bearing, helping distribute lubricant lengthwise.
Circumferential Groove Circumferential grooves encircle the bearing, facilitating lubrication along the entire circumference.
Helical Groove Helical grooves spiral from one end of the bearing to the other, evenly distributing lubricant across the surface during rotation.
Oval Groove Oval grooves provide a larger oil storage area, helping maintain a lubrication film during stationary or slow movements.
Double Oval Groove This design features two oval grooves, increasing lubricant storage, suitable for bearings under heavy loads or intermittent motion.
Figure of Eight Groove Figure of eight grooves ensure lubrication on both sides of the bearing, ideal for applications requiring bilateral lubrication.
One and a Half Figure of Eight Groove This design combines two figure of eight grooves with an additional connecting groove, enhancing lubricant storage and distribution.
Double Figure of Eight Groove Two figure of eight grooves provide extra lubricant storage space, suitable for applications requiring substantial lubrication.
Duplex Figure of Eight Groove This design offers two separate figure of eight grooves, delivering lubrication to different parts of the bearing independently.

The design of lubricant grooves should be determined based on the bearing’s operating conditions, load characteristics, speed, temperature range, and the type of lubricant used. Proper lubricant groove design can enhance the efficiency and lifespan of bearings while reducing maintenance needs. In some applications, combining multiple types of grooves may be necessary to meet specific lubrication requirements.

Solid Lubricant for Bronze Bearing

Solid Lubricant	Characteristics	Typical Use
SL1	High purity graphite with additives. Offers good wear resistance and chemical stability. Operating temperature below 400°C.	Typically used in general machinery exposed to atmospheric conditions.
SL4	PTFE with additives. Features a very low friction coefficient and good water wettability. Operating temperature below 300°C.	Commonly used in environments requiring water and seawater lubrication, such as ships, hydraulic arc doors, hydraulic turbines, and machinery in the pharmaceutical and beverage industries.

Lubrication with Grease

Cast Iron: Speed 15 m/min, Pressure 2 N/mm², P x V value of 20.
Red Bronze: Speed 18 m/min, Pressure 4 N/mm², P x V value of 50.
High Tensile Brass: Speed 24 m/min, Pressure 8 N/mm², P x V value of 150.
Aluminium: Speed 18 m/min, Pressure 1 N/mm², P x V value of 8.
Tin Alloys: Speed 24 m/min, Pressure 4 N/mm², P x V value of 16.

Force Feed Oil Lubrication

Cast Iron: Speed 20 m/min, Pressure 5 N/mm², P x V value of 60.
Red Bronze: Speed 24 m/min, Pressure 6 N/mm², P x V value of 120.
High Tensile Brass: Speed 30 m/min, Pressure 8 N/mm², P x V value of 240.
Tin Alloys: Speed 100 m/min, Pressure 2 N/mm², P x V value of 100.

Sintered Bronze

Sintered Bronze: Without additional lubrication, Speed 60 m/min, Pressure 1 N/mm², P x V value of 40.

These data are crucial for designing and selecting bearings, as they help determine the highest speeds and loads different material bearings can withstand under specific lubrication conditions. For example, under grease lubrication, red bronze can achieve a maximum P x V value of 50, while under force feed oil lubrication, this value can increase to 120, indicating that forced oil lubrication can significantly enhance bearing performance.

In practical applications, selecting the most suitable bearing material and lubrication method involves considering working conditions, expected lifespan, maintenance requirements, and cost, among other factors. These performance values serve as a starting point for choosing the right bearing configuration, but the final design should also be based on detailed engineering analysis and real-world testing.

Technical Characteristics

Chart: Base Material for Self-Lubricating Bearings

Code	Material Composition	Density (g/cm³)	Hardness	Tensile Strength (N/mm²)	Elongation (%)	Coefficient of Linear Expansion (10^-5/°C)	Operating Temperature (°C)	Maximum Dynamic Load (N/mm²)	Maximum Line Speed (m/min, Dry)	Max. PV (N/mm² * m/min)	Compression Set 300N/mm²
JDB650	CuZn25Al6Fe3Mn3	8.0	HB > 210	>750	>12	1.9	-40 to +300	100	15	200	<0.01
JDB650 S1	CuZn25Al6Fe3Mn3	8.0	HB > 250	>800	>8	1.9	-40 to +150	120	15	200	<0.005
JDB650 S2	CuAl9Fe4Ni4Mn2	8.5	HB > 150	>800	>15	1.9	-40 to +400	150	20	60	<0.04
JDB650 S3	CuSn5Pb5Zn5	8.9	HB > 70	>200	>10	1.8	-40 to +400	60	10	60	<0.05
JDB650 S4	CuSn12	9.05	HB > 80	>260	>8	1.8	-40 to +400	70	10	80	<0.005
JDB (HT250)	HT250	7.0	HB > 190	>250	>5	1.0	-40 to +400	90	8	40	<0.015
JDB (Gcr15)	Gcr15	7.8	HRC > 58	>1500	>15	1.1	-40 to +400	200	5	150	<0.002

This table presents a detailed comparison of the material compositions, properties, and typical applications of different self-lubricating bearing materials.

Advantages

Product Advantages

Maintenance-Free: Long-term use without the need to add lubricating oil.
High Load Design: Suitable for high static and dynamic loads.
Low Friction Coefficient: Features low friction for smooth operation without stick-slip issues.
Wear Resistance: Offers dust resistance, corrosion resistance, impact resistance, and edge load resistance.
Shock Absorption: The metal base provides excellent shock absorption capabilities.
Wide Temperature Range: Usable across a broad range of temperatures.
Broad Applicability: Ideal for applications involving frequent starts, reciprocating, rotating, and oscillating movements where oil film formation is difficult.
Longevity: Extremely low wear rate and extended service life.

Product Introduction

Oil-Free Supply: Reduces or eliminates the need for lubricating oil, ensuring good operation under oil-less or low-oil conditions, and extending service life.
Self-Lubricating Principle: Initially, solid lubricants on the bearing surface form a solid lubrication film through friction transfer, reducing direct contact between components, thereby protecting wear parts and extending the life of both bearings and components.

Bearing Features

Modern Design Requirements: Designed for minimal maintenance and reliability in extreme operational environments and under maximum load conditions.
Cost-Effectiveness: As cost pressures increase, there is a growing demand for reliable equipment and plant operations.
Self-Lubricating System: Metal self-lubricating bearings meet the requirements for maintenance-free and self-lubrication under long-term usage, allowing for the design of reliable, long-term self-lubricating systems.
Application Scope: Metal self-lubricating bearing materials are suitable for high-load and low-speed conditions in rotational, oscillatory, and reciprocating linear motions, also suitable for conditions where traditional lubrication is not feasible or prohibited, or in special working conditions like dust and impact.

Application Fields

Widely Used: The products are extensively used in continuous casting and rolling mills, injection molding machines, automotive molds, bridge machinery, hydraulic industry, steel rolling equipment, mining machinery, construction machinery, communications, steam turbines, robotic arms, offshore oil platforms, and more.
These self-lubricating bearings are designed to meet the needs of various industrial applications, especially in environments where traditional lubrication methods are unsuitable or uneconomical. By reducing maintenance and the use of lubricating oil, not only are operational costs lowered, but equipment reliability and safety are also enhanced.

Machined Parts

Machined bronze parts

Bearing Dimensions We recommend a length-to-diameter ratio ranging from 0.5 to 2 (L/DI). For high loads or velocities, a ratio of less than 1 (L/ID) is advised. The recommended thickness should be 0.05 times the inner diameter (I.D.) plus an additional 2 to 6 mm. Bushings are chamfered to facilitate installation. The appropriate clearance, based on the diameter of the shaft, is outlined in the accompanying graph.

Machined bronze parts are components made from bronze that are manufactured to specific dimensions and tolerances by using various machining processes. Bronze is a metal alloy that typically consists of copper and tin, and it is valued for its strength, corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand high temperatures. Here’s an overview of how machined bronze parts are made based on clients’ drawings:

Step 1: Review of Client Drawings

The first step is to carefully review the客户提供的图纸 (client’s drawings) to understand the required specifications, dimensions, tolerances, and any special features of the bronze part.

Step 2: Material Selection

Choose the appropriate grade of bronze based on the application’s requirements. Different grades have varying properties, such as higher strength, better machinability, or enhanced corrosion resistance.

Step 3: Material Preparation

The chosen bronze material is prepared in the form of bars, plates, or blocks, depending on the size and shape of the part to be machined.

Step 4: Machining Process

The bronze material is then secured in a machine tool such as a lathe, milling machine, or a computer numerical control (CNC) machine.
Various machining operations are performed, including turning, milling, drilling, tapping, and grinding, to achieve the desired shape and dimensions.

Step 5: Heat Treatment

Depending on the application, the machined bronze parts may undergo heat treatment processes like annealing or hardening to improve their mechanical properties.

Step 6: Quality Control

Each part is inspected for dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and any defects using measuring tools and gauges. Modern quality control may also involve the use of Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM).

Step 7: Finishing

After machining, the parts may go through finishing processes like polishing, buffing, or passivation to achieve the desired appearance and surface properties.

Step 8: Assembly (if applicable)

If the bronze part is a component of a larger assembly, it may be fitted with other parts during this stage.

Step 9: Final Inspection and Testing

A final inspection is conducted to ensure that the part meets all the client’s requirements and industry standards.

Step 10: Packaging and Shipping

Once approved, the machined bronze parts are packaged to protect them from damage during shipping and are then dispatched to the client.

Advantages of Machined Bronze Parts

Corrosion Resistance: Bronze is resistant to many corrosive environments, making it ideal for marine and outdoor applications.
Wear Resistance: It has good wear characteristics, which is beneficial for parts that experience friction.
High Strength: The alloy is strong and can withstand high loads.
Thermal Conductivity: Bronze has good thermal conductivity, useful for applications where heat transfer is necessary.

Considerations

Machinability: While bronze is generally easy to machine, the specific alloy composition can affect its machining characteristics.
Cost: Bronze can be more expensive than some other metals, so cost is a consideration in applications where it’s used.
Design Limitations: As with any material, there are design limitations to what can be achieved with bronze, which must be considered during the design phase.

Manufacturing machined bronze parts requires a combination of precision machining and quality control to ensure that the final product meets the client’s exacting standards.

Lubrication Systems

The Crucial Role of Lubrication Systems in Mechanical Equipment

Lubrication systems play a vital role in mechanical equipment by minimizing friction and wear through reducing contact between shafts and bearing surfaces, avoiding temperature peaks, thus eliminating material fatigue and corrosion. Here are two main types of bearing lubrication methods and their respective advantages and disadvantages:

Manual Lubrication System Advantages:

Simple and straightforward: Does not require complex lubrication equipment, easy to operate and maintain.
Lower cost: Compared to automatic lubrication systems, manual systems have lower initial and operational costs.
Flexibility: Lubrication frequency and amount can be adjusted based on actual needs.
Suitable for low load and intermittent operations: For equipment that does not require continuous lubrication, manual lubrication is an appropriate choice.

Disadvantages:

Requires manpower: Regular lubrication is needed, which can increase labor intensity.
Potential for uneven application: Manual lubrication can lead to uneven lubrication, affecting bearing performance.
Dependent on the operator: The quality and frequency of lubrication depend on the operator’s responsibility and skill.

Forced Feed Oil Lubrication Systems Advantages:

Automated: Automatic oil supply systems reduce manual intervention and increase efficiency.
Uniform lubrication: Ensures even distribution of lubricant to all parts of the bearing.
Suitable for high load and continuous operations: Necessary for high-load equipment requiring continuous lubrication.
Predictability: Timed and measured lubrication can improve equipment reliability and predictability.

Disadvantages:

Higher cost: Initial installation and maintenance costs of automatic systems are usually higher.
Complexity: Requires professional design and maintenance, which may need specialized technical personnel.
Potential for failure: Automatic systems could fail due to mechanical or electrical issues.

Other Lubrication Systems: In addition to the two main methods described, there are other lubrication systems, such as:

Oil Mist Lubrication Systems: Deliver oil in a mist form to bearings, suitable for enclosed spaces and hard-to-reach bearings.
Oil Air Lubrication Systems: Use compressed air to transport oil droplets to bearings, suitable for high-speed and high-temperature applications.
Grease Lubrication Systems: Use automatic or semi-automatic grease guns to periodically inject grease into bearings.

The choice of lubrication system depends on the bearing’s working conditions, the operational environment of the equipment, the feasibility of maintenance, and cost-effectiveness. The right lubrication system not only extends the lifespan of bearings but also enhances the operational efficiency and reliability of the entire mechanical equipment.

Force Feed Oil Lubrication Advantages:

Heat Dissipation: More effectively disperses heat generated from friction.
High-Speed Operation: Suitable for high-speed bearings, such as up to 30 meters/minute.
Hydrodynamic Lubrication: Achieves hydrodynamic lubrication, reducing direct friction on contact surfaces.
Quick Removal of Wear Particles: Rapidly removes wear particles and debris, reducing wear.
High Load Capacity: Can handle loads up to 120 MPa.

Disadvantages:

Cost: Higher construction and maintenance costs.
Sealing Requirements: Requires good sealing to keep the oil clean and prevent leaks.
Vibration and Noise: Offers poorer damping of vibration and noise compared to grease lubrication.
One-time Assembly Lubrication: Does not provide lifelong lubrication after assembly.

Grease Lubrication Advantages:

Simple Structure: The lubrication system is simple and easy to maintain.
Sealing: Grease lubrication more easily achieves good sealing.
High Load: Can withstand loads up to 150 MPa.
Lifelong Lubrication: Storage of grease can provide lifelong lubrication.
Noise and Vibration Damping: Effectively damps noise and vibrations.
Easy Replacement: Simplifies the bearing replacement process.

Disadvantages:

Low-Speed Operation: Suitable for low-speed bearings, with a maximum speed of about 20 meters/minute.
Poor Heat Dissipation: Compared to oil lubrication, grease has poorer heat dissipation capabilities.
Limitations in Centralized Lubrication: Only applicable to centralized lubrication systems when using low-viscosity grease.

When selecting a lubrication system, it’s necessary to consider the bearing’s operating conditions, speed, load size, temperature range, maintenance costs, and desired maintenance intervals. Each lubrication method has specific applications, and choosing the most suitable lubrication system is crucial for ensuring long-term stable operation of bearings and mechanical equipment.

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TYPES OF sELF-LUBRICATING BRONZE BEARINGS

Bronze is a versatile material that is often used in the manufacturing of various components due to its unique properties. Here’s a brief overview of how bronze is utilized in the creation of nuts, plates, washers, and other pieces:

Bronze Oilless Bushing

Wear Resistance: Bronze has good resistance to wear, which is why it is used for components that experience friction.

Bronze Graphite Plug Custom Made Oilless Bearing

Flange Bushing

We offer CuSn8 solid bronze wrapped sliding bearings. Customized parts with seals or graphite are available upon request.

slide Plate

Strength and Durability: Bronze plates are strong and can be used in structural applications where a non-magnetic, corrosion-resistant material is needed.

Thrust Washer

Load Distribution: Washers made from bronze can help distribute the load between the nut and the surface, reducing the risk of damage.

Custom Bronze Parts

Bushings and Bearings: Bronze is often used to make bushings and bearings due to its self-lubricating properties when combined with embedded lubricants like graphite.

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Unlock Bushing Manufacturing Secrets With Our Design Guides! When manufacturing bronze components, it’s important to consider the specific alloy used, as different bronze alloys (such as phosphor bronze, leaded bronze, or aluminum bronze) have varying properties that make them better suited for different applications. Additionally, the manufacturing process can affect the final properties of the bronze piece, such as its hardness, tensile strength, and conductivity.

Wrapped Bearing technology, Design Guides!

Ideal for large quantities that require high precision and stability with specific thin-walled bearing size requirements. Offers custom-made plain bearings either in bespoke tooling development or in standard sizes.

Wrapped Bearing technology, Design Guides!

Oilless Bearing Technology

Oil-Free bearing solutions at competitive costs that also deliver high performance.

CNC Bronze Bearing

Especially well-suited for small to medium production runs that demand high precision and stability.

Wrapped composite sliding bearings

Wrapped composite sliding bearings are engineered solutions used to reduce friction and wear between moving parts in various mechanical applications. These bearings are known for their durability, low maintenance, and excellent sliding and wear characteristics. The specific type you’re inquiring about, tin-plated steel/PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) wrapped composite sliding bearings, adhere to the standards set by DIN 1494/ISO 3547.

Construction and Material: Tin-plated Steel Backing: The steel backing provides strength and dimensional stability to the bearing. Tin plating offers additional corrosion resistance and reduces the coefficient of friction, which helps in reducing wear.

PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene): This is a high-performance plastic known for its excellent non-stick properties, low friction coefficient, and resistance to wear and chemical corrosion. PTFE is often used in bearings to enhance their performance in applications where lubrication may not be present or feasible.

Standards: DIN 1494/ISO 3547: These are the German (DIN) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards that define the dimensions, tolerances, and performance characteristics of the bearings. Adherence to these standards ensures compatibility and interchangeability with other components designed to these specifications.

Maintenance-free Operation: One of the key benefits of these bearings is that they require minimal maintenance. The combination of the durable steel backing and the low-friction PTFE layer means that they can operate effectively for extended periods without the need for frequent lubrication or adjustments.

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Wrapped sliding bearings, also known as wrapped bushings, are a type of bearing that incorporates a steel or metal backing with a sliding layer made from materials such as POM (Polyoxymethylene), which is a type of engineering thermoplastic. These bearings are designed to provide low friction and high wear resistance, making them suitable for a wide range of applications where there is relative motion between parts.

Construction and Material: Steel Backing: The bearing has a steel support structure that provides the necessary strength and stability.

POM Sliding Layer: POM is chosen for its excellent mechanical properties, including high stiffness, good chemical resistance, and low friction characteristics. It is also self-lubricating, which can reduce the need for external lubrication.

Standards: DIN 1494/ISO 3547: These standards define the dimensions and tolerances for wrapped sliding bearings. Compliance with these standards ensures that the bearings will fit and function as expected in a wide range of applications.

Low-maintenance: These bearings are designed to be low-maintenance, which can reduce downtime and the cost of operation in industrial applications.

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Enhance Your Skills with Our Bushing Manufacturing Guides! Wrapped bushings made from Bronze CuSn8 and CuSn6P are engineered components used in applications where high strength, excellent wear resistance, and good conductivity are required. The use of these bronze alloys in the construction of wrapped bushings ensures that they can withstand the rigors of demanding environments while maintaining the necessary physical properties for smooth operation.

Bronze CuSn8 (DIN 17662) CuSn8 is a phosphor bronze alloy that contains 8% tin. This high tin content, combined with the presence of phosphorus, results in a material with superior wear resistance and strength. It is known for its excellent spring properties and is often used in applications where these characteristics are critical.

Applications of CuSn8 Wrapped Bushings:

Bearings and Bushings: Due to their high strength and wear resistance, CuSn8 wrapped bushings are ideal for use in plain bearings and bushings where lubrication may not always be present.
Springs and Fasteners: The springiness of CuSn8 makes it suitable for the manufacture of springs and fasteners that need to maintain their shape and integrity under stress.
Hydraulic Components: CuSn8’s resistance to corrosion makes it a good choice for hydraulic components that are exposed to various mediums.
Electrical Contacts: The conductivity of CuSn8 bronze makes it suitable for use in electrical contacts where wear resistance is also important.

CuSn6P (DIN 1494 / ISO 3547): CuSn6P is a tin phosphor bronze alloy with 6% tin and a specific phosphorus content that enhances its wear resistance and strength. This alloy is known for its good spring properties and is widely used in a variety of industrial applications due to its balance of strength and conductivity.

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Special Plain Bearing and Bushing in various industries

Special plain bearing bronze products are utilized across various industries including automotive, architecture, construction equipment, and more.Our self-lubricating bronze bushings are designed to provide a prolonged service life under the following conditions: Key areas of application include: Steelworks, Naval construction, Onshore and offshore operations, Lifting, hoists, and winches,Power transmission and gearboxes, Hydromechanical equipment and mobile structures, Public works, mining, and tunneling machinery, Valves and pumps,Renewable energy sectors such as hydroelectric, wind, and solar power generation.

Wrapped composite sliding bearings with a special PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) coating

Wrapped composite sliding bearings with a special PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) coating are designed to offer a combination of durability, low friction, and self-lubricating properties. These bearings are particularly useful in applications where traditional lubrication methods are not feasible or maintenance needs to be minimized.

Here are some key points about these types of bearings:

Features:

Special PTFE Coating: The PTFE coating provides a low-friction surface, which reduces wear and can operate effectively in environments where lubrication is difficult to maintain.
Maintenance-free: These bearings are designed to require minimal maintenance, which can be a significant advantage in remote or hard-to-reach locations.
Dry Sliding Bearing: They are intended for use in dry conditions without the need for additional lubrication.
DIN 1494 / ISO 3547 Compliance: Adherence to these standards ensures that the bearings are manufactured to precise dimensions and tolerances, facilitating compatibility with a wide range of applications and machinery.

Availability:

Lead-free Options: Environmental considerations have led to the development of lead-free alternatives, which are important for applications where environmental impact is a concern.
Custom Designs: Manufacturers can produce special designs quickly to meet unique customer requirements.
Standard Fabrications: Cylindrical and flanged bushings, thrust washers, and strips are typically available as standard fabrications.

Customer-Specific Production:

Punchings and Moldings: These are produced based on customer requirements, allowing for a high degree of customization to fit specific application needs.

Applications:

These types of bearings are used in a variety of applications where low friction, wear resistance, and the absence of a lubrication system are beneficial. Some potential uses include:

Automotive: In various mechanical components where low maintenance is desirable.
Machinery and Equipment: In moving parts that require low friction and resistance to wear.
Industrial Applications: In environments where dust, dirt, or water might make lubrication difficult.
Agricultural Machinery: For components that are subject to harsh conditions and require minimal servicing.

When selecting wrapped composite sliding bearings, it’s important to consider the specific requirements of your application, including the operating environment, load capacity, and any environmental regulations that may affect material choice. Custom designs can be particularly useful when standard off-the-shelf products do not meet the unique demands of a specific application.

Wrapped bushings made from stainless steel with a PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) coating

Wrapped bushings made from stainless steel with a PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) coating are engineered components designed for applications that require high corrosion resistance, low friction, and minimal maintenance. These bushings are particularly useful in environments where traditional bearings may be susceptible to corrosion or where lubrication is difficult to maintain.

Here are some key features and benefits of stainless steel/PTFE wrapped bushings that adhere to DIN 1494/ISO 3547 standards:

Material Properties:

Stainless Steel Backing: Provides the structural strength and rigidity needed for the bushing to withstand mechanical loads. Stainless steel is chosen for its excellent corrosion resistance, which makes it suitable for use in harsh environments.
PTFE Coating: The PTFE coating offers a low-friction surface and is known for its self-lubricating properties. PTFE is chemically inert, resistant to wear, and can operate effectively in the absence of traditional lubricants.

Standard Compliance:

DIN 1494/ISO 3547: These bushings are manufactured to comply with these international standards, ensuring that they meet specific dimensional and tolerance requirements. This compliance allows for interchangeability and compatibility with other components designed to these standards.

Maintenance-free Operation:

Low-friction Coating: The PTFE coating reduces the need for frequent lubrication, which can be especially beneficial in hard-to-reach areas or environments where regular maintenance is not feasible.
Corrosion Resistance: The stainless steel material is highly resistant to corrosion, making these bushings suitable for use in environments where exposure to moisture, chemicals, or other corrosive agents is a concern.

Applications:

Stainless steel/PTFE wrapped bushings are used in a wide range of applications due to their combination of properties, including:

Marine Applications: For components exposed to saltwater and other corrosive elements.
Medical Devices: Where cleanliness and sterilization are paramount, and the use of lubricants is undesirable.
Food Processing Equipment: In environments where there is potential for contamination from lubricants.
Chemical Processing Plants: For components that come into contact with corrosive chemicals.

Customization and Availability:

Custom Designs: Manufacturers can produce custom designs to meet specific application requirements, including specialized sizes, shapes, and material combinations.
Lead-free Options: Some manufacturers offer lead-free alternatives to traditional bushings, which can be important for applications with environmental or health considerations.

When selecting stainless steel/PTFE wrapped bushings, it’s important to consider the specific requirements of your application, including the operating environment, load capacity, and any environmental regulations that may affect material choice. These bushings offer a combination of corrosion resistance, low friction, and minimal maintenance, making them a versatile choice for a wide range of applications.

Wrapped Bimetal bushing, steel backed/bronze layer, DIN 1494 / ISO 3547, Maintenance-free

Wrapped bimetal bearing bushings are a type of bearing that combines the strength and rigidity of a steel backing with the self-lubricating properties of a bronze sliding layer. These bushings are designed to offer a maintenance-free solution for applications where traditional lubrication methods are not feasible or where long-term reliability is required.

Here are some key features and benefits of wrapped bimetal bearing bushings with a steel backing and a bronze sliding layer:

Material Composition:

Support Material: The steel backing provides the structural integrity and load-bearing capacity of the bushing. Copper-plating on the steel can enhance corrosion resistance and facilitate better adhesion of the sliding layer.
Sliding Layer: The CuPb10Sn10 bronze alloy is used for the sliding layer, which contains 10% lead and 10% tin. This composition offers excellent wear resistance, good conductivity, and self-lubricating properties due to the presence of lead.

Standard Compliance:

DIN 1494 / ISO 3547: These bushings are manufactured to comply with these international standards, ensuring that they meet specific dimensional and tolerance requirements. This compliance allows for interchangeability and compatibility with other components designed to these standards.

Maintenance-free Operation:

Solid Lubricant: Lubrication pockets filled with a solid lubricant provide a long-lasting, self-lubricating feature. This eliminates the need for regular lubrication and reduces maintenance requirements.
Corrosion Resistance: The copper-plated steel backing and the bronze sliding layer offer good resistance to corrosion, making these bushings suitable for use in harsh environments.

Benefits:

Reduced Friction: The bronze sliding layer has a low coefficient of friction, which reduces wear and heat generation, leading to longer service life.
Wear Resistance: The lead and tin in the bronze alloy improve the wear resistance of the bushing, allowing it to operate effectively under load.
Compatibility: The steel and bronze materials are compatible with a wide range of other materials, making these bushings suitable for various applications.

Applications: Bimetallic composite bearings are used in a wide range of applications, including:

Automotive: For applications like water pumps, power steering systems, and suspension components.
Machinery: In industrial machinery where parts need to operate with minimal friction and maintenance.
Marine: In environments exposed to saltwater, where corrosion resistance is important.

Wrapped bimetal bearing bushings with a steel backing and bronze sliding layer are used in a variety of applications, including:

Automotive: In suspension components, wheel bearings, and other parts where low friction and wear resistance are important.
Industrial Machinery: In components that require low maintenance and high reliability, such as conveyor systems and pumps.
Agricultural Equipment: In machinery that operates in harsh outdoor conditions and requires resistance to water, dust, and other contaminants.

Customization:

Special Designs: Manufacturers can produce custom designs to meet specific application requirements, including specialized sizes, shapes, and material combinations.
Solid Lubricant Options: The type and quantity of solid lubricant used in the lubrication pockets can be tailored to the specific needs of the application.

When selecting wrapped bimetal bearing bushings, it’s important to consider the specific requirements of your application, including the operating environment, load capacity, and any environmental regulations that may affect material choice. These bushings offer a combination of strength, wear resistance, and self-lubrication, making them a versatile and reliable choice for a wide range of applications.

chemical element	JF-800 CuPb10Sn10	JF-720 CuPb24Sn4	JF-700 CuPb30	JF-20 AlSn20Cu
Cu	margin	margin	margin	1.7~1.3
Pb	9.0~11.0	21.0~27.0	26.0~33.0	——
Sn	9.0~11.0	3.0~4.5	0.5	17.5～22.5
Zn	0.5	0.5	0.5	——
P	0.1	0.1	0.1	——
Fe	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ni	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.1
Sb	0.2	0.2	0.2	——
Al	——	——	——	margin
Si	——	——	——	0.7
Mn	——	——	——	0.7
Ti	——	——	——	0.2
Rest	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5

Bimetallic composite bearings are engineered to provide a combination of strength and durability with the self-lubricating properties of specific copper alloys. Here’s a detailed look at the features and benefits of these bearings:

Base Material:

High-Quality Low-Carbon Steel: The base of the bimetallic bearing is made from high-quality low-carbon steel, which is known for its strength and ductility. This steel serves as the primary support structure for the bearing.

Wear-Resistant Layer:

Copper Alloys: The wear-resistant layer is made from copper alloys with low friction properties. These alloys are sintered onto the steel base to provide a durable and low-maintenance sliding surface. Common alloys include:
- CuSn6.5P0.1: A tin-phosphor bronze with good wear resistance and strength.
- CuPb10Sn10: A leaded tin bronze with excellent machinability and self-lubrication due to the lead content.
- CuSn8Ni: A nickel-tin bronze with improved strength and resistance to corrosion.
- CuPb24Sn4: A leaded bronze with high wear resistance and good shock absorption.
- AlSn20Cu: An aluminum-tin bronze with high strength and good corrosion resistance.

Lubrication Features:

Oil Grooves, Oil Holes, Oil Pockets: These features can be incorporated into the copper alloy surface to hold lubricants. They are particularly useful in applications where continuous or frequent lubrication is not practical.
Solid Lubricants: In addition to oil retention features, solid lubricants can be used to further enhance the self-lubricating properties of the bearing.

Manufacturing Process:

Secondary Sintering and Extrusion: The material can achieve good joint strength and optimal bearing capacity through processes like secondary sintering and secondary extrusion. These processes ensure that the copper alloy layer is securely bonded to the steel base.

Benefits:

Reduced Maintenance: The self-lubricating properties and the ability to incorporate oil retention features make these bearings suitable for environments where maintenance is difficult or infrequent.
Improved Reliability: The strong bond between the steel base and the copper alloy layer ensures that the bearing can withstand high loads and operate reliably for extended periods.
Customizability: The variety of copper alloy options and the ability to process the surface with different lubrication features allow these bearings to be tailored to specific application requirements.

When selecting a bimetallic composite bearing, consider the specific requirements of your application, including the operating environment, load capacity, and the need for lubrication. The versatility of these bearings, combined with their self-lubricating properties and corrosion resistance, makes them a reliable choice for many different applications.

Related Bushing Design

Focused on producing various self-lubricating copper alloy products, they utilize processes such as centrifugal casting, continuous casting, and die casting. The products they offer include, but are not limited to, self-lubricating and maintenance-free sliding bearings. These products are widely used in multiple fields including construction machinery, metallurgical industry, injection molding machinery, automotive industry, and new energy sectors.

Definitions

Load Pressure P: Load pressure is defined as the result of dividing the perpendicular projection area of the load surface by that area (unit: N/mm²).

Running Velocity V: Defined as the linear speed relative to the mating surface (unit: m/s).

PV Value: Defined as the product of the load value P and the velocity V (unit: N/mm²·m/s).

Permissible PV Value: The maximum permissible value should be less than the product of the maximum permissible pressure and the maximum permissible speed (unit: N/mm²·m/s).

Maximum Permissible PV Value Under boundary lubrication and non-lubricated conditions, the maximum permissible PV value determines the requirements for bearing design, which should be less than the product of the maximum permissible load pressure and the maximum permissible operating speed.

Bearing Length The length of the bearing depends on the size of the load-bearing surface. Longer bearings can reduce surface pressure because they distribute the load over a larger area. However, this can also lead to contact deviations or reduced cooling efficiency, thereby shortening the bearing’s lifespan. Conversely, if the bearing is too short, the grease may quickly escape, making it difficult to form a lubricant film and thereby reducing the bearing’s capacity.

Bearing Thickness The main advantage of standard composite self-lubricating bearings is their thin wall thickness. Standard thicknesses can be 0.5mm, 0.75mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, etc.

Bearing Chamfer To facilitate mounting and avoid misalignment, bearings must have chamfers along their length, both inside and out. The size of the chamfer varies depending on the wall thickness.

Shaft Design The surface roughness and hardness of mating shafts greatly affect the capability of self-lubricating bearings. High-quality shaft surfaces can extend the life of bearings, while rough surfaces can shorten it.

Surface Roughness: When using self-lubricating bearings under fluid lubrication conditions, if the shaft’s surface is very rough, the high points on the bearing and the shaft surface can break the oil film, leading to direct contact between the shaft and bearing surfaces. Therefore, to enhance the bearing’s capability, the shaft surface should be polished to be as smooth as a mirror, reducing the oil film gap and allowing the oil film to function effectively.
Hardness: Under lubricated conditions, if there are no hard particles, the recommended bearing materials and hardness can provide good performance. If not, it is advisable to use harder materials for the mating shaft.

Wear Calculation Ignoring factors influenced by load and speed, direction of operation, type of lubricant, mating clearance, roughness, and degree of impurity infiltration, the wear amount W can be calculated by the following formula:

Installation and Fixing Methods Before pressing the bearing into the housing, since the bearing’s outer diameter is greater than the housing’s inner diameter, strong pressure can be applied inside the housing. This method of fixation ensures the roundness of the bearing and secures it well, avoiding wear caused by the bearing sliding within the housing. The interference amount can be calculated using the following formula.

Inspection Methods The document also provides methods for checking the outer diameter, inner diameter, and thickness of bearings, following the DIN1494-2 standard.

Hardness Testing Different hardness testing standards are listed, such as HRC, HS, HV, HBS, along with their corresponding values.

High Loads

Low Speeds

High Temperatures

Dirt

Humidity

Saltwater

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Applications:

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Standard Compliance:

Maintenance-free Operation:

Applications:

Customization and Availability:

Material Composition:

Standard Compliance:

Maintenance-free Operation:

Benefits:

Applications: Bimetallic composite bearings are used in a wide range of applications, including: